Deep Sea Mining

Deep sea mining can be defined as: “mineral exploitation in the deep sea. The mining for mineral resources and the disposal of waste materials are the major potential sources of environmental hazard for the deep-sea system. Polymetallic nodules, manganese crusts, metalliferous sulphidic muds and massive consolidated sulphides might serve as exploitable sources of various metals, whilst phosporite deposits represent a further resource” <ref> [1] Halfar J. and Fujita RM. (2017) Ecology. Danger of deep-sea mining. Science Vol. 316, Issue 5827, pp. 987, DOI: 10.1126/science.1138289