Contaminants
Contaminants are defined in the European legislation as “substances (i.e. chemical elements and compounds) or groups of substances that are toxic, persistent and liable to bio-accumulate and other substances or groups of substances which give rise to an equivalent level of concern” [1].
Examples of such substances found in the marine environment include pesticides, anti-foulants, pharmaceuticals and heavy metals, among others. Preventing and reducing inputs to the marine environment, with a view to phasing out pollution, is clearly stated as one of the main objectives of the Marine Directive, in line with international commitments at global and regional level. Pollution by contaminants is one form of pollution of the marine environment and the aim of Descriptor 8 is to ensure that the levels of contaminants in the marine environment do not to give rise to pollution effects [2].